Efektivitas Serbuk Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix) dan Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) sebagai Repelen Alami Kecoa (Periplaneta americana)

Reslisa Lisnawati; Rio Purnama

doi:10.52523/jhast.v4i2.138

Authors

Reslisa Lisnawati
Rio Purnama

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52523/jhast.v4i2.138

Keywords:

Citrus hystrix, Syzygium polyanthum, Periplaneta americana, natural repellent, cockroach

Abstract

The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, is a pest that can potentially contaminate food and the environment, making its control important in environmental health. The use of plant-based materials with repellent activity may provide an approach to cockroach control. This study aimed to analyze and compare the effectiveness of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) and Indonesian bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) powders as natural repellents against P. americana. A true experimental study with a post-test only control group design was conducted. Powders of both leaves were tested at doses of 7, 9, and 11 g, with a 0 g control, using six replicates and 10 cockroaches in each experimental unit. Repellent responses were observed for one hour. Active-treatment data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test at α=0.05. The mean repellent responses of C. hystrix at 7, 9, and 11 g were 7.17, 7.67, and 9.17 cockroaches, respectively, compared with 5.00, 6.00, and 6.50 cockroaches for S. polyanthum. Plant powder type (F=51.735; p<0.001) and dose (F=11.327; p<0.001) significantly affected the repellent response, whereas their interaction was not significant (p=0.410). Tukey's HSD test showed a significant difference between the 7 and 11 g doses (p=0.015). C. hystrix powder produced a higher repellent response than S. polyanthum, with the highest response observed at 11 g. Both plant materials have potential for development as botanical repellents against P. americana.

References

M. Soonwera, T. Moungthipmalai, W. Takawirapat, and S. Sittichok, “Ovicidal and repellent activities of several plant essential oils against Periplaneta americana L. and enhanced activities from their combined formulation,” Sci. Rep., vol. 12, no. 1, p. 12070, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16386-x.

R. Purnama, “Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) sebagai Repellent Semprot terhadap Kecoa (Periplaneta americana),” Journal Health Applied Science and Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 74–78, 2025, doi: 10.52523/jhast.v3i2.79.

Budiman, N. A. Pakoleng, and N. Rismawati, “Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) dan Ekstrak Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) sebagai Penolak (Repellent) Kecoa (Periplaneta americana),” Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 527–535, 2023, doi: 10.56338/jks.v6i6.3673.

S. Ligonniere, A. Bantz, V. Raymond, and D. Goven, “Using RNA interference targeting a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit to counteract insecticide accommodation mechanisms: example of the β1 subunit in the imidacloprid-accommodated American cockroach, Periplaneta americana,” J. Pestic. Sci., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 58–64, 2024, doi: 10.1584/jpestics.D23-027.

E. Öz, H. Çetin, and A. Yanıkoğlu, “Investigation of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids in Blattella germanica L., 1767 (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) and Periplaneta americana L., 1758 (Blattodea: Blattidae) populations in Turkey,” Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 361–370, 2021, doi: 10.16970/entoted.927130.

H.-H. Pai, C.-Y. Chang, K.-C. Lin, and E.-L. Hsu, “Rapid insecticide resistance bioassays for three major urban insects in Taiwan,” Parasit. Vectors, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 447, 2023, doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-06055-x.

M. Jankowska, B. Augustyn, and J. Maliszewska, “Sublethal biochemical, behavioral, and physiological toxicity of extremely low dose of bendiocarb insecticide in Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae),” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 30, no. 16, pp. 47742–47754, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-25602-8.

M. Madani, F. Safari, M. Khodabandeh, S. Izadi, and A. Zahraei-Ramazani, “Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae) fungal pathogens in hospital sewer systems: molecular and phylogenetic approaches,” J. Water Health, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 643–652, 2023, doi: 10.2166/wh.2023.015.

M. O. Osungunna and E. E. Nwuga, “Periplaneta americana: Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of associated biofilm-forming bacteria,” Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 85–90, 2022, doi: 10.4314/njpr.v18i1.9.

J. Ma, M. Wang, Y. Sun, and Y. Zheng, “Cockroach Microbiome Disrupts Indoor Environmental Microbial Ecology with Potential Public Health Implications,” Environment & Health, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 380–391, 2024, doi: 10.1021/envhealth.4c00216.

B. Jyotsna, S. Patil, Y. S. Prakash, P. Rathnagiri, P. B. Kavi Kishor, and N. Jalaja, “Essential oils from plant resources as potent insecticides and repellents: Current status and future perspectives,” Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol., p. 103395, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103395.

L. J. Collares, L. M. Turchen, and R. N. C. Guedes, “Research Trends, Biases, and Gaps in Phytochemicals as Insecticides: Literature Survey and Meta-Analysis,” Plants, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 318, 2023, doi: 10.3390/plants12020318.

D. K. Yadav, S. Rathee, V. Sharma, and U. K. Patil, “A Comprehensive Review on Insect Repellent Agents: Medicinal Plants and Synthetic Compounds,” Antiinflamm. Antiallergy Agents Med. Chem., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 84–102, 2025, doi: 10.2174/0118715230322355240903072704.

L. T. M. Costa, G. Smagghe, L. O. Viteri Jumbo, G. R. Santos, R. W. S. Aguiar, and E. E. Oliveira, “Selective actions of plant-based biorational insecticides: Molecular mechanisms and reduced risks to non-target organisms,” Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health, vol. 44, p. 100601, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100601.

R. Pavela, K. Kovaříková, and M. Novák, “Botanical Antifeedants: An Alternative Approach to Pest Control,” Insects, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 136, 2025, doi: 10.3390/insects16020136.

I. P. Astuti, K. D. Palupi, and F. Damayanti, “Essential Oils Composition of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) Collection of Bogor Botanic Gardens from Central Java and East Sumba,” J. Trop. Biodivers. Biotechnol., vol. 7, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.22146/jtbb.66061.

N. A. Abdul Halim, Z. Zainal Abidin, S. I. Siajam, C. G. Hean, and M. R. Harun, “Optimization studies and compositional analysis of subcritical water extraction of essential oil from Citrus hystrix DC. leaves,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, vol. 178, p. 105384, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105384.

D. M. Long, L. P. T. Quoc, T. T. P. Nhung, V. B. Thy, and N. L. Q. Nhu, “Chemical profiles and biological activities of essential oil of Citrus hystrix DC. peels,” Food Science and Preservation, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 395–404, 2023, doi: 10.11002/kjfp.2023.30.3.395.

H. I. Al Othman, H. H. Alkatib, and A. Zaid, “Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Citrus hystrix, Citrus limon, Citrus pyriformis, and Citrus microcarpa Leaf Essential Oils against Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line,” Plants, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 134, 2023, doi: 10.3390/plants12010134.

Z. Zhao et al., “Citrus hystrix: A review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and industrial applications research progress,” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 16, no. 11, p. 105236, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105236.

N. Nurlely, A. M. P. Putra, A. Nurrochmad, S. Widyarini, and N. Fakhrudin, “Extraction, phytochemicals, bioactivities, and toxicity of Syzygium polyanthum: A comprehensive review,” Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 366–380, 2024, doi: 10.34172/jhp.2024.51454.

E. Spinozzi et al., “Apiaceae essential oils and their constituents as insecticides against mosquitoes—A review,” Ind. Crops Prod., p. 113892, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113892.

R. S. Dutta, S. Sahu, and B. Mazumder, “A Review on Bioactive Constituents of Essential Oils as Mosquito Repellent,” Curr. Drug ther., vol. 18, no. 5, 2022, doi: 10.2174/1573407218666211231124107.

N. Z. Abd Wahab and N. S. A. Ja’afar, “Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of Syzygium polyanthum Methanolic Leaves Extract,” Pharmacognosy Journal, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1355–1358, 2021, doi: 10.5530/pj.2021.13.171.

T. A. F. T. Anuar, A. Ismail, and I. F. Mohamed Suffian, “LCMS dataset on compounds in Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaves variant from the East coast of Peninsular Malaysia,” Data Brief, vol. 39, p. 107485, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107485.